One time or staggered investing: what works best for you?

When you are ready to invest, one of the most important questions is: do you invest the amount in one lump sum, or is it better to invest periodically? At Vive, we help you make the right choice, depending on your goals and risk profile. In this blog, we explain the pros and cons of both options, so you can make the decision that best suits you.

Should I make my investment in a lump sum or is it better to invest gradually?

We like to keep things simple at Vive, but we understand this choice can be difficult. Investing a large amount in one lump sum can be favourable if you happen to enter the market at a low point – you buy in cheaply. However, it also carries the risk that you might enter just at a peak. Gradual investment, also known as dollar-cost averaging, offers a way to reduce this timing risk by spreading your investment over a longer period.

  • Example: Suppose you have €12,000 available to invest. If you invest this entire amount in one lump sum and the market drops shortly afterwards, you immediately suffer a loss on the full amount. If, on the other hand, you choose to invest €1,000 monthly over 12 months, you also buy in at times when the market is lower. Your average purchase price might then be lower, meaning you run less risk of having invested everything at a peak moment.

With gradual investment, you therefore do not have to time the market – you automatically include both the lower and higher prices, resulting in a better average.

What are the risks of lump-sum investing?

Investing everything in one go means that from day one you are fully exposed to the whims of the market. This can lead to large profits if the market rises immediately after you enter, but also to substantial losses if the market falls. The biggest risk is that you invest just as the market is at its peak, followed by a decline.

  • Example: In 2008, during the financial crisis, stock prices worldwide fell by more than 40%. Investors who had invested their entire capital in one lump sum just before that crash suffered significant losses. However, if you had spread your investment over that period, you would have been able to buy in cheaper as prices fell, resulting in a lower average purchase price.

In short, lump-sum investing increases the impact of timing: timing well can yield a lot, but timing badly can be painful. You can reduce this risk by spreading your investments.

How does gradual investment affect risks and returns?

Gradual investment reduces the impact of market fluctuations because you enter at different times. For example, you invest a portion of your money every month or quarter. This can help prevent major losses, as your entire capital is not in the market at an unfavourable time.

The potential disadvantage is that if the market were to go straight up, you would miss out on some return with gradual investing compared to investing the full amount immediately. Nevertheless, periodic investing usually offers a more stable approach with less risk, especially for investors who find peaks and troughs difficult. You spread the risk over time.

  • Example: Suppose you had divided your €12,000 in 2008 into 12 monthly contributions of €1,000. During the months of the crash, you could have invested part of your money at much lower prices. As a result, the final value of your portfolio could be higher than if you had invested everything just before the crash. Gradual investment acts as a built-in safety net strategy here.

What is smarter if I have a long investment horizon?

Do you have a long-term horizon in mind (for example, 10 years or longer)? Historically, early and lump-sum investing often yields a higher final amount because you maximise the benefits of compound growth (the interest-on-interest effect or growth-on-growth in investments). Every day your money is in the market, it can generate returns. From that point of view, lump-sum investing can be advantageous if you have a large amount immediately available.

On the other hand, if you have a long-term horizon but feel uncertain due to short-term volatility, gradual investment can still give you more peace of mind – even if you theoretically have slightly lower returns, you will probably sleep better with a gradual entry.

  • Example: Maria has received €10,000 and has a 20-year horizon until her retirement. She could invest that amount in one lump sum to optimally benefit from 20 years of growth. But Maria is afraid of a sudden crash. She therefore decides to invest the €10,000 spread out over 10 months. This way, she gradually enters the market. After 20 years, her final amount is slightly lower than if she had invested everything directly on day 1, but she never had to worry about the wrong time to invest.

Is it sensible to invest in a mix of shares and bonds?

Besides the choice between lump sum or gradual investment, there is also the question of what to invest in. Often, a mix of shares and bonds is sensible, tailored to your risk appetite. Shares usually offer higher returns in the long term but fluctuate up and down. Bonds are more stable and generally provide fixed interest or smaller fluctuations. A balanced mix can ensure you benefit from both: growth through shares, and stability through bonds.

Vive usually recommends a personal mix based on your investment profile (internal link to profile selection). If you are young and can invest for a long time, you may be able to hold more shares (more offensive). If you are closer to your goal or retirement, you may want a few more bonds (more defensive) to protect your profits. The nice thing about periodic investing is that you can also adjust your ratio with every deposit if necessary.

Unfortunately, there is no direct answer

There is no unequivocal answer to the question of whether it is better to invest in one lump sum or gradually. It depends on your personal risk appetite, the amount of money you have available, and your financial goals. Lump-sum investing can yield more if the timing is right, but it is riskier. Gradual investment provides more peace of mind and consistency but may take a little more time for the same result.